Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Thyroid
The Diagnostic Role of Repeated Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules with Atypia of Undetermined Significance with Architectural Atypia on Core-Needle Biopsy: Hye Hyeon Moon, Sae Rom Chung, Young Jun Choi, Tae-Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Jung Hwan Baek; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):300-309. Published online January 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1818

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
We aimed to evaluate the utility of repeat biopsy of thyroid nodules classified as atypia of undetermined significance with architectural atypia (IIIB) on core-needle biopsy (CNB).
Methods
This retrospective study evaluated patients with thyroid nodules categorized as IIIB on CNB between 2013 and 2015. Demographic characteristics, subsequent biopsy results, and ultrasound (US) images were evaluated. The malignancy rates of nodules according to number of CNBs and the number of IIIB diagnoses was compared. Demographic and US features were evaluated to determine factors predictive of malignancy.
Results
Of 1,003 IIIB nodules on CNB, the final diagnosis was determined for 328 (32.7%) nodules, with 121 of them confirmed as malignant, resulting in a malignancy rate of 36.9% (95% confidence interval, 31.7% to 42.1%). Repeat CNB was performed in 248 nodules (24.7%), with 75 (30.2%), 131 (52.8%), 13 (5.2%), 26 (10.5%), one (0.4%), and two (0.8%) reclassified into categories II, IIIB, IIIA, IV, V, and VI, respectively. Malignancy rates were not significantly affected by the number of CNBs (P=0.291) or the number of IIIB diagnoses (P=0.473). None of the nodules confirmed as category II on repeat CNB was malignant. US features significantly associated with malignancy (P<0.003) included solid composition, irregular margins, microcalcifications, and high suspicion on the US risk stratification system.
Conclusion
Repeat biopsy of nodules diagnosed with IIIB on CNB did not increase the detection of malignancy but can potentially reduce unnecessary surgery. Repeat biopsy should be performed selectively, with US features guiding the choice between repeat biopsy and diagnostic surgery.

Thyroid
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Thyroid Disease: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review: Meihua Jin, Bictdeun Kim, Ahreum Jang, Min Ji Jeon, Young Jun Choi, Yu-Mi Lee, Dong Eun Song, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):312-322. Published online April 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1318

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Background
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is an entity that can involve the thyroid gland. The spectrum of IgG4-related thyroid disease (IgG4-RTD) includes Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and its fibrotic variant, Riedel thyroiditis, as well as Graves’ disease. The early diagnosis of IgG4-RTD is important because it is a medically treatable disease, and a delay in the diagnosis might result in unnecessary surgery. We present a case series of IgG4-RTD with a review of the literature.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentation and the radiological and pathological findings of patients diagnosed with IgG4-RTD between 2017 and 2021 at a tertiary medical center in Korea. We also conducted a literature review of IgG4-RTD.
Results
Five patients were diagnosed with IgG4-RTD during the study period. The patients’ age ranged from 31 to 76 years, and three patients were men. Most patients visited the clinic for a neck mass, and hypoechogenic nodular lesions were observed on neck ultrasonography. Three patients had IgG4 HT, and two patients had IgG4 Riedel thyroiditis. All patients developed hypothyroidism that necessitated L-thyroxine replacement. The diagnosis of IgG4-RTD was confirmed after a pathological examination of the surgical specimen in the first two cases. However, the early diagnosis was possible after a core needle biopsy in three clinically suspected patients.
Conclusion
The diagnosis of IgG4-RTD requires clinical suspicion combined with serology and histological analyses using IgG4 immunostaining. The early diagnosis of IgG4-RTD is difficult; thus, biopsy with IgG4 immunostaining and serum IgG4 measurements will help diagnose patients suspected of having IgG4-RTD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Are sonographic characteristics of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis related with immunologic parameters? A cross-sectional study
K. Kenarlı, A. B. Bahçecioğlu, Ö. B. Aksu, S. Güllü
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reshaping the Concept of Riedel’s Thyroiditis into the Larger Frame of IgG4-Related Disease (Spectrum of IgG4-Related Thyroid Disease)
Mara Carsote, Claudiu Nistor
Biomedicines.2023; 11(6): 1691. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Molecular Correlates and Nuclear Features of Encapsulated Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Neoplasms: Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov, Dong Eun Song, Jang-Hee Kim, Yun Zhu, Zhiyan Liu, Somboon Keelawat, Chiung-Ru Lai, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kaori Kameyama, Kennichi Kakudo; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):123-133. Published online February 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.860

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Background
Assessing nuclear features is diagnostically challenging in the aspect of thyroid pathology. The aim of this study was to determine whether pathologists could distinguish BRAF-like and RAS-like nuclear features morphologically and identify morphological features to differentiate thyroid tumors with RAS-like mutations from encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with predominant follicular growth and BRAFV^600E mutation.
Methods
Representative whole slide images of 16 encapsulated thyroid tumors with predominant follicular growth were reviewed by 12 thyroid pathologists using a web browser-based image viewer. Total nuclear score was calculated from semi-quantitatively scored eight nuclear features. The molecular profile of RAS and BRAF genes was determined by Sanger sequencing.
Results
Total nuclear score ranging 0 to 24 could differentiate BRAF-like tumors from RAS-like tumors with a cut-off value of score 14. The interobserver agreement was the highest for the assessment of nuclear pseudoinclusions (NPIs) but the lowest for nuclear elongation and sickle-shaped nuclei. NPIs were found in tumors with BRAFV^600E mutation, but not in tumors with RAS-like mutations. Total nuclear scores were significantly higher for tumors with BRAFV^600E than for those with RAS-like mutations (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Our results suggest that NPIs and high nuclear scores have diagnostic utility as rule-in markers for differentiating PTC with BRAFV^600E mutation from benign or borderline follicular tumors with RAS-like mutations. Relaxation of rigid criteria for nuclear features resulted in an overdiagnosis of PTC. Immunostaining or molecular testing for BRAFV^600E mutation is a useful adjunct for cases with high nuclear scores to identify true PTC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Differentiating BRAF V600E- and RAS-like alterations in encapsulated follicular patterned tumors through histologic features: a validation study
Chankyung Kim, Shipra Agarwal, Andrey Bychkov, Jen-Fan Hang, Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kennichi Kakudo, Somboon Keelawat, Chih-Yi Liu, Zhiyan Liu, Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong, Yun Zhu, Chan Kwon Jung
Virchows Archiv.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Presence of Typical “BRAFV600E-Like” Atypia in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is Highly Specific for the Presence of the BRAFV600E Mutation
John Turchini, Loretta Sioson, Adele Clarkson, Amy Sheen, Leigh Delbridge, Anthony Glover, Mark Sywak, Stan Sidhu, Anthony J. Gill
Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(1): 112. CrossRef
Could Oxidative Stress Play a Role in the Development and Clinical Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer?
Maria Kościuszko, Angelika Buczyńska, Adam Jacek Krętowski, Anna Popławska-Kita
Cancers.2023; 15(12): 3182. CrossRef
Pitfalls in thyroid pathology and the medicolegal aspects of error
David N Poller
Diagnostic Histopathology.2023; 29(11): 495. CrossRef
Developing Models to Predict BRAFV600E and RAS Mutational Status in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Clinicopathological Features and pERK1/2 Immunohistochemistry Expression
Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Imam Subekti, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Asmarinah, Lisnawati, Retno Asti Werdhani, Hasrayati Agustina, Dina Khoirunnisa, Mutiah Mutmainnah, Fajar Lamhot Gultom, Abdillah Hasbi Assadyk, Maria Francisca Ham
Biomedicines.2023; 11(10): 2803. CrossRef
The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP): Tumour Entity with a Short History. A Review on Challenges in Our Microscopes, Molecular and Ultrasonographic Profile
Ivana Kholová, Elina Haaga, Jaroslav Ludvik, David Kalfert, Marie Ludvikova
Diagnostics.2022; 12(2): 250. CrossRef
Update from the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Tumors: A Standardized Diagnostic Approach
Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 703. CrossRef
Different Threshold of Malignancy for RAS-like Thyroid Tumors Causes Significant Differences in Thyroid Nodule Practice
Kennichi Kakudo
Cancers.2022; 14(3): 812. CrossRef
The Incidence of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features: A Meta-Analysis Assessing Worldwide Impact of the Reclassification
Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong, Thu Quynh Nguyen, Hoang Cong Nguyen, Chan Kwon Jung, Kennichi Kakudo, Andrey Bychkov
Thyroid.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Clinical Study
Does Radiofrequency Ablation Induce Neoplastic Changes in Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Preliminary Study: Su Min Ha, Jun Young Shin, Jung Hwan Baek, Dong Eun Song, Sae Rom Chung, Young Jun Choi, Jeong Hyun Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(2):169-178. Published online May 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.2.169

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Background

To evaluate the clinical feasibility of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules along with cytomorphological alteration, and any malignant transformation through biopsy.

Methods

The data were retrospectively collected between April 2008 and June 2013 and core needle biopsy (CNB) was performed on 16 benign thyroid nodules previously treated using RFA. The parameters of the patients were compared, between the time of enrollment and the last follow-up examination, using linear mixed model statistical analysis.

Results

No atypical cells or neoplastic transformation were detected in the undertreated peripheral portion of treated benign nodules on the CNB specimen. RFA altered neither the thyroid capsule nor the thyroid tissue adjacent to the treated area. On histopathological examinations, we observed 81.2% acellular hyalinization, which was the most common finding. After a mean follow-up period of over 5 years, the mean volume of thyroid nodule had decreased to 6.4±4.2 mL, with a reduction rate of 81.3%±5.8% (P<0.0001).

Conclusion

RFA is a technically feasible treatment method for benign thyroid nodules, with no carcinogenic effect or tissue damage of the normal thyroid tissue adjacent to the RFA-treated zone.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy and Technical Outcomes between Conventional Fixed Electrodes and Adjustable Electrodes in the Radiofrequency Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules
Jae Ho Shin, Minkook Seo, Min Kyoung Lee, So Lyung Jung
Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(2): 199. CrossRef
Thermoablation of thyroid nodules reveals excellent results with low morbidity
Robert M. Eisele, Philipp R. Scherber, Monika Schlüter, Thorsten Drews, Matthias Glanemann, Gereon Gäbelein
Technology and Health Care.2022; 30(3): 683. CrossRef
Radiofrequency ablation and related ultrasound‐guided ablation technologies for treatment of benign and malignant thyroid disease: An international multidisciplinary consensus statement of the American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section with
Lisa A. Orloff, Julia E. Noel, Brendan C. Stack, Marika D. Russell, Peter Angelos, Jung Hwan Baek, Kevin T. Brumund, Feng‐Yu Chiang, Mary Beth Cunnane, Louise Davies, Andrea Frasoldati, Anne Y. Feng, Laszlo Hegedüs, Ayaka J. Iwata, Emad Kandil, Jennifer K
Head & Neck.2022; 44(3): 633. CrossRef
Thyroid Nodule Radiofrequency Ablation: Complications and Clinical Follow Up
James Y. Lim, Jennifer H. Kuo
Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology.2022; 25(2): 100824. CrossRef
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review: The Clinical Utility of Minimally Invasive Interventional Procedures in the Management of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions
Sina Jasim, Kepal N. Patel, Gregory Randolph, Stephanie Adams, Roberto Cesareo, Edward Condon, Tara Henrichsen, Malak Itani, Maria Papaleontiou, Leonardo Rangel, John Schmitz, Marius N. Stan
Endocrine Practice.2022; 28(4): 433. CrossRef
Efficacy of radiofrequency and laser thermal ablation in solving thyroid nodule-related symptoms and cosmetic concerns. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Roberto Cesareo, Silvia Egiddi, Anda M. Naciu, Gaia Tabacco, Andrea Leoncini, Nicola Napoli, Andrea Palermo, Pierpaolo Trimboli
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2022; 23(5): 1051. CrossRef
Comparison of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation versus thyroid lobectomy for T1bN0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma
Lin Yan, Xinyang Li, Yingying Li, Jing Xiao, Mingbo Zhang, Yukun Luo
European Radiology.2022; 33(1): 730. CrossRef
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing tumor progression and complications between radiofrequency ablation and thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Yuan-dong Sun, Hao Zhang, Hai-tao Zhu, Chun-xue Wu, Miao-ling Chen, Jian-jun Han
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
RFA and benign thyroid nodules: Review of the current literature
Haris Muhammad, Prasanna Santhanam, Jonathon O. Russell, Jennifer H. Kuo
Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology.2021; 6(1): 155. CrossRef
Radiofrequency ablation and thyroid nodules: updated systematic review
Haris Muhammad, Prasanna Santhanam, Jonathon O. Russell
Endocrine.2021; 72(3): 619. CrossRef
Complications of RFA for Thyroid Nodules: Prevention and Management
Rahul K. Sharma, Jennifer H Kuo
Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports.2021; 9(1): 79. CrossRef
Long-Term Results of Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules: State of the Art and Future Perspectives—A Systematic Review
Hervé Monpeyssen, Ahmad Alamri, Adrien Ben Hamou
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-Term Outcomes of Thermal Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules: The Issue of Regrowth
Jung Suk Sim, Jung Hwan Baek, Rosaria Meccariello
International Journal of Endocrinology.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Thyroid Lobectomy for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study of 884 Patients
Lin Yan, Mingbo Zhang, Qing Song, Yukun Luo
Thyroid.2021; 31(11): 1662. CrossRef
Clinical Effects of Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas and Related Histopathological Changes
Chenya Lu, Xingjia Li, Xiaoqiu Chu, Ruiping Li, Jie Li, Jianhua Wang, Yalin Wang, Yang Xu, Guofang Chen, Shuhang Xu, Chao Liu
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Ultrasound-Guided Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules: Technicalities Progress and Clinical Applications, Especially in Malignant Thyroid Nodules
Enock Adjei Agyekum, Jian-hua Fu, Fei-Ju Xu, Yong-Zhen Ren, Debora Akortia, Qing Chen, Xiao-Qin Qian, Yuguo Wang, Xian Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison Between Radiofrequency Ablation and Microwave Ablation in the Treatment for Benign Thyroid Nodules: a Meta-analysis
Jing Wu, Junguo Liu, Li Liu
Indian Journal of Surgery.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
2020 European Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Image-Guided Ablation in Benign Thyroid Nodules
Enrico Papini, Hervé Monpeyssen, Andrea Frasoldati, Laszlo Hegedüs
European Thyroid Journal.2020; 9(4): 172. CrossRef
Response: Long-Term Outcomes Following Thermal Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules as an Alternative to Surgery: The Importance of Controlling Regrowth (Endocrinol Metab 2019;34:117–23, Jung Suk Sim et al.)
Jung Suk Sim, Jung Hwan Baek
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(3): 325. CrossRef

Thyroid
Comparison of Immunohistochemistry and Direct Sanger Sequencing for Detection of the BRAF^V600E Mutation in Thyroid Neoplasm: Hye-Seon Oh, Hyemi Kwon, Suyeon Park, Mijin Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim, Jene Choi, Won Gu Kim, Dong Eun Song; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(1):62-69. Published online January 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.1.62

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Background

The BRAF^V600E mutation is the most common genetic alteration identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Because of its costs effectiveness and sensitivity, direct Sanger sequencing has several limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an alternative method to detect the BRAF^V600E mutation in preoperative and postoperative tissue samples.

Methods

We evaluated 71 patients who underwent thyroid surgery with the result of direct sequencing of the BRAF^V600E mutation. IHC staining of the BRAF^V600E mutation was performed in 49 preoperative and 23 postoperative thyroid specimens.

Results

Sixty-two patients (87.3%) had PTC, and of these, BRAF^V600E was confirmed by direct sequencing in 57 patients (91.9%). In 23 postoperative tissue samples, the BRAF^V600E mutation was detected in 16 samples (70%) by direct sequencing and 18 samples (78%) by IHC. In 24 fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples, BRAF^V600E was detected in 18 samples (75%) by direct sequencing and 16 samples (67%) by IHC. In 25 core needle biopsy (CNB) samples, the BRAF^V600E mutation was detected in 15 samples (60%) by direct sequencing and 16 samples (64%) by IHC. The sensitivity and specificity of IHC for detecting the BRAF^V600E mutation were 77.8% and 66.7% in FNA samples and 99.3% and 80.0% in CNB samples.

Conclusion

IHC could be an alternative method to direct Sanger sequencing for BRAF^V600E mutation detection both in postoperative and preoperative samples. However, application of IHC to detect the BRAF^V600E mutation in FNA samples is of limited value compared with direct sequencing.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Circulating Nucleic Acids in Colorectal Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value
Somayeh Igder, Mozhdeh Zamani, Shima Fakher, Morvarid Siri, Hassan Ashktorab, Negar Azarpira, Pooneh Mokarram, Sowjanya Thatikonda
Disease Markers.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
The Accurate Interpretation and Clinical Significance of Morphological Features of Fine Needle Aspiration Cells in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Xue-Jiao Xiong, Ming-Ming Xiao, Yi-Xia Zhang, Dong-Ge Liu, Mu-Lan Jin, Jian Wang, Hong-Tao Xu, Qing-Chang Li, Guang-Ping Wu, Giovanni Tuccari
Analytical Cellular Pathology.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
An effective approach for BRAF V600E mutation analysis of routine thyroid fine needle aspirates
Tanupriya Agrawal, Liqiang Xi, Winnifred Navarro, Mark Raffeld, Snehal B. Patel, Mark J. Roth, Joanna Klubo‐Gwiezdzinska, Armando C. Filie
Cytopathology.2022; 33(3): 344. CrossRef
A dual identification strategy based on padlock ligation and CRISPR/Cas14a for highly specific detection of BRAF V600E mutation in clinical samples
Weicheng Shi, Yao Gong, Decai Zhang, Tiantian Yang, Ming Yi, Jingyi Tan, Shijia Ding, Wei Cheng
Analytical Methods.2022; 14(19): 1913. CrossRef
Research Progress of BRAF V600E Gene Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
延泽刘
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(09): 8499. CrossRef
VE1 immunohistochemistry is an adjunct tool for detection of BRAFV600E mutation: Validation in thyroid cancer patients
Faiza A. Rashid, Sobia Tabassum, Mosin S. Khan, Hifzur R. Ansari, Muhammad Asif, Ahmareen K. Sheikh, Syed Sameer Aga
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
BRAF testing in a South African cohort of MLH1 deficient endometrial carcinomas: lessons learnt
Reubina Wadee, Wayne Grayson
Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology.2021; 13(1): 1. CrossRef
Association between mutation profiles and clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with thyroid cancer
Changwen Jing, Haixia Cao, Rong Ma, Jianzhong Wu, Zhuo Wang
Precision Medical Sciences.2021; 10(3): 113. CrossRef
Development of a Molecular Assay for Detection and Quantification of theBRAFVariation in Residual Tissue From Thyroid Nodule Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens
Guodong Fu, Ronald S. Chazen, Christina MacMillan, Ian J. Witterick
JAMA Network Open.2021; 4(10): e2127243. CrossRef
Variations in MAP kinase gladiators and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Faiza Rashid, Ghulam Bhat, Mosin Khan, Sobia Tabassum, Mohammad Bhat
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Порівняльне імуногістохімічне дослідження BRAFV600E-позитивних і BRAFV600E-негативних радіогенних і спорадичних папілярних тиреоїдних карцином
L. Yu. Zurnadzhy, T.I. Rogounovitch, V.O. Saenko, M.Yu. Bolgov, S.V. Masiuk, S.V. Burko, T.L. Degtyaryova, S.V. Chernyshov, S.V. Gulevatyi, N. Mitsutake, M.D. Tronko, T.I. Bogdanova
Endokrynologia.2021; 26(2): 105. CrossRef
Evaluation of the expression levels of BRAFV600E mRNA in primary tumors of thyroid cancer using an ultrasensitive mutation assay
Tien Viet Tran, Kien Xuan Dang, Quynh Huong Pham, Ung Dinh Nguyen, Nhung Thi Trang Trinh, Luong Van Hoang, Son Anh Ho, Ba Van Nguyen, Duc Trong Nguyen, Dung Tuan Trinh, Dung Ngoc Tran, Arto Orpana, Ulf-Håkan Stenman, Jakob Stenman, Tho Huu Ho
BMC Cancer.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
VE1 Immunohistochemistry Improves the Limit of Genotyping for Detecting BRAFV600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Sonam Choden, Somboon Keelawat, Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov
Cancers.2020; 12(3): 596. CrossRef
Comparison of Molecular Methods and BRAF Immunohistochemistry (VE1 Clone) for the Detection of BRAF V600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Kyle G. Parker, Michael G. White, Nicole A. Cipriani
Head and Neck Pathology.2020; 14(4): 1067. CrossRef
Next generation sequencing based detection of 15 target genes mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Zhuo Wang, Changwen Jing, Haixia Cao, SiWen Liu, Jianzhong Wu, Rong Ma
Precision Medical Sciences.2020; 9(2): 90. CrossRef
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of BRAF V600E Immunohistochemistry in Thyroid Histopathology
Ranjit Singarayer, Ozgur Mete, Laure Perrier, Lehana Thabane, Sylvia L. Asa, Stan Van Uum, Shereen Ezzat, David P. Goldstein, Anna M. Sawka
Endocrine Pathology.2019; 30(3): 201. CrossRef
Comparison of droplet digital PCR and direct Sanger sequencing for the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Zhuo Wang, Kejing Sun, Changwen Jing, Haixia Cao, Rong Ma, Jianzhong Wu
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunohistochemistry Innovations for Diagnosis and Tissue-Based Biomarker Detection
Narittee Sukswai, Joseph D. Khoury
Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports.2019; 14(5): 368. CrossRef
Immunohistochemistry is a feasible method to screen BRAF V600E mutation in colorectal and papillary thyroid carcinoma
Xiangyan Zhang, Lili Wang, Jigang Wang, Han Zhao, Jie Wu, Shuhong Liu, Lu Zhang, Yujun Li, Xiaoming Xing
Experimental and Molecular Pathology.2018; 105(1): 153. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Molecular Diagnosis Using Residual Liquid-Based Cytology Materials for Patients with Nondiagnostic or Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Hyemi Kwon, Won Gu Kim, Markus Eszlinger, Ralf Paschke, Dong Eun Song, Mijin Kim, Suyeon Park, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(4):586-591. Published online November 4, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.586

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Background

Molecular analysis for common somatic mutations in thyroid cancer can improve diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the nondiagnostic or indeterminate category of thyroid nodules. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of molecular diagnosis from residual liquid-based cytology (LBC) material after cytological diagnosis.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 53 patients with thyroid nodules diagnosed as nondiagnostic, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS) after FNAC. DNAs and RNAs were isolated from residual LBC materials. BRAF^V600E and RAS point mutations, PAX8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), RET/PTC1, and RET/PTC3 rearrangements were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing.

Results

All DNAs from 53 residual LBC samples could be analysed and point mutations were detected in 10 samples (19%). In 17 AUS nodules, seven samples (41%) had point mutations including BRAF (n=4), NRAS (n=2), and KRAS (n=1). In 20 FLUS nodules, three samples (15%) had NRAS point mutations. RNA from only one FLUS nodule could be analysed for rearrangements and there was no abnormality.

Conclusion

Molecular analysis for BRAF and RAS mutations was feasible in residual LBC materials and might be useful for diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Citations

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Kras Gene Analysis Using Liquid-Based Cytology Specimens Predicts Therapeutic Responses and Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Masahiro Itonaga, Reiko Ashida, Shin-Ichi Murata, Yasunobu Yamashita, Keiichi Hatamaru, Takashi Tamura, Yuki Kawaji, Yuudai Kayama, Tomoya Emori, Manabu Kawai, Hiroki Yamaue, Ibu Matsuzaki, Hirokazu Nagai, Yuichi Kinoshita, Ke Wan, Toshio Shimokawa, Masay
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From Traditional Histology to Next-Generation Pathology: A Review of The Workflow for the Characterisation and Molecular Profiling of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Samples

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Preanalytic variables in quality and quantity of nucleic acids extracted from FNA specimens of thyroid gland nodules collected in CytoLyt: Cellularity and storage time
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Diagnostic accuracy of molecular testing with three molecular markers on thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology with abnormal category
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Centrifuged supernatants from FNA provide a liquid biopsy option for clinical next‐generation sequencing of thyroid nodules
Wenrui Ye, Brette Hannigan, Stephanie Zalles, Meenakshi Mehrotra, Bedia A. Barkoh, Michelle D. Williams, Maria E. Cabanillas, Beth Edeiken‐Monroe, Peter Hu, Dzifa Duose, Ignacio I. Wistuba, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, John Stewart, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Sinchita
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Molecular testing of residual cytology samples: Rethink, reclaim, repurpose
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Case Report

Thyroid
Solitary Skin Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Hyemi Kwon, Hyojung Kim, Sojung Park, Dong Eun Song, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):579-583. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.579

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Abstract PDF PubReader

A solitary skin metastasis is a rare manifestation of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A 55-year-old woman presented with a movable subcutaneous nodule in her anterior neck for several months. Three years ago, she underwent total thyroidectomy and remnant ablation for classical PTC (pT3N0M0) and was under thyroxine suppression therapy without any evidence of recurrent disease. The subcutaneous nodule was 0.4 cm in size, firm, and movable without any change in the overlying skin. Recurrent PTC was confirmed after excision biopsy. Eight months after, she got a new nodule along the previous excision site. After punch biopsy, metastatic PTC was confirmed in the deep dermis and was re-excised with a clear resection margin. This is the first report of a case of solitary skin metastasis of PTC in Korea. Although solitary skin metastasis of PTC is rare, it should be considered in patients with a skin nodule.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Skin Metastasis Occurring 30 Years After Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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PD-L1-positive Anaplastic Transformation in a BRAF V600E Expressing Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Cutaneous Metastasis: An Unusual Case Report
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Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
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Original Article

Thyroid
Lack of Associations between Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Hyemi Kwon, Mijin Kim, Yun Mi Choi, Eun Kyung Jang, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Dong Eun Song, Jung Hwan Baek, Suck Joon Hong, Won Bae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):305-311. Published online November 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.305

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Background

Obesity is associated with aggressive pathological features and poor clinical outcomes in breast and prostate cancers. In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), these relationships remain still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical outcomes of patients with PTC.

Methods

This retrospective study included 1,189 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTCs equal to or larger than 1 cm in size. Clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared based on the BMI quartiles.

Results

There were no significant associations between BMI quartiles and primary tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. However, an increase in mean age was associated with an increased BMI (P for trend <0.001). Multifocality and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (stage III or IV) were significantly associated with increases of BMI (P for trend 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). However, these associations of multifocality and advanced TNM stage with BMI were not significant in multivariate analyses adjusted for age and gender. Moreover, there were no differences in recurrence-free survivals according to BMI quartiles (P=0.26).

Conclusion

In the present study, BMI was not associated with the aggressive clinicopathological features or recurrence-free survivals in patients with PTC.

Citations

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